An Electro-magnet is an assembly consisting of a coil on a soft metal core such as a Soft Ferrite, that exhibits magnetism when an electric current is passed through the coil.
An electromagnet is a type of magnet in which the magnetic field is produced by an electric current. Electromagnets usually consist of copper wire wound into a coil. A current through the wire creates a magnetic field which is concentrated along the center of the coil. The magnetic field disappears when the current is turned off. The wire turns are often wound around a magnetic core made from a ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic material such as iron; the magnetic core concentrates the magnetic flux and makes a more powerful magnet.
 Homemade electromagnet with 9V battery | |
| Component type | Magnet |
|---|---|
| Working principle | Oersted's law |
| Inventor | William Sturgeon |
| Invention year | 1824 |
| Electronic symbol | |
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The main advantage of an electromagnet over a permanent magnet is that the magnetic field can be quickly changed by controlling the amount of electric current in the winding. However, unlike a permanent magnet, which needs no power, an electromagnet requires a continuous supply of current to maintain the magnetic field.
Electromagnets are widely used as components of other electrical devices, such as motors, generators, electromechanical solenoids, relays, loudspeakers, hard disks, MRI machines, scientific instruments, and magnetic separation equipment. Electromagnets are also employed in industry for picking up and moving heavy iron objects such as scrap iron and steel.
